When sovereignty met the monarchy: The Queen's 1964 visit to Quebec

The rumblings of discontent were already present before Queen Elizabeth even arrived in Canada for her visit in October 1964.

"We have nothing against the Queen personally," Pierre Bourgault, leader of a group that advocated for Quebec separation,told The Canadian Pressfive weeks before she was scheduled to arrive in Quebec City.

"She is only an instrument in the hands of the guilty ones, Prime Minister Pearson and Premier Lesage."

Pearson had invited the Queen and her husband, the Duke of Edinburgh, to visitCanada that yearfor the centennial of two 1864pre-Confederation conferences in Charlottetown and Quebec City.

Those conferences set in motion the negotiations that would result in the founding of Canada.

While in Charlottetown, the royal couple also attendeda gala performance to mark the opening ofthe Charlottetown Centre. Performers included actor Lorne Greene, singer Anna Russelland dancers Don Gillies and Carlu Carter.

Also onthe Queen's to-do list for Quebec Citywas markingthe 50th anniversary of the Royal 22nd Regiment, known more informally as the Van Doos.

'Club-swinging police'

Queen's visit to Quebec City marred by violence

60 years ago

Duration 2:02

Journalists Norman Depoe and Knowlton Nash discuss the events of Oct. 10, 1964.

And they were there as her car drove by in the royal procession but they couldn't see much because their attention was elsewhere,said CBCreporter Norman Depoe in a year-end review.

"The troops lining the approaches had their back to her," said Depoe. "They were looking outward for any attempt by separatists to mar the occasion."

Depoe had covered the visit for the CBC and was oneof approximately 1,000 reporters and photographers present in Quebec City for the visit, according to the Globe and Mail.

And mar it they did, added Depoe, but "only by shouting slogans and singing irreverent songs."

But it was the threat of "mob violence" and not the fact of it that police reacted to, chasing protesters and reporters alike.

"The only real violence came from the club-swinging police who ... broke up demonstrations only after the royal couple had gone by, when there could have been no possible danger to them," Depoe said as the camera showed two police officers rounding up a protester.

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Oct. 10, 1964. became known in Quebec as Truncheon Saturday (or, in French, samedi de la matraque).

"It was a royal visit that brought all the tensions and frustrations of Canada in 1964 into sharp focus," Depoesaid.

The gift ofa novelty car

Queen Elizabeth amused by 'penguin car'

60 years ago

Duration 0:58

An exhaust-belching "penguin car," a gift to the Queen and her husband, goes for a spin in front of a crowd of onlookers at the prime minister's residence.

Things were more relaxed in Ottawa two days later.

"After a Thanksgiving lunch of cold salmon and green salad at the prime minister's residence on Sussex Drive, Mr. Pearson escorted the Queen and the prince through the French doors to the back lawn," the Globe and Mail reported on Oct. 13, 1964.

ACBC camera captured the Queen smiling and laughing as she and Philip, along with several onlookers, vieweda curious tiny car-trailer combo before them.

The Globe and Mail described it as "a $1,000 two-seater amphibious craft that can travel at 40 miles anhour on land or fourmiles an hour afloat."

The car's designer, identified by the newspaper as John Smeaton, was seen climbing into the car and revving the exhaust-spewing engine before driving it in a circle while everyone looked on.

The car, called the Penguin, was a gift to the royal couple. Smeatonhad first invited Philip to test drive it, but he declined even after Pearson gestured at the lawn and told him he could take it down the hillinto the Ottawa River"and up the other side."

"I like it," the newspaper quoted Philip as saying. "Thanks very much."

He liked it so much he asked for it to be taken aboard the royal yacht Britannia, which was accompanying them in Canada, so that he could use it on a future trip to the Galapagos Islands.

A special farewell

Queen departs after 1964 visit to Canada

60 years ago

Duration 2:16

Well-wishers turn out to watch an official departure ceremony at Ottawa's Uplands airport.

The day after Thanksgiving, the royal couple departed Canada by air at Uplandsair forcebase, and CBC Television aired anews special showing the pageantry of the official farewell ceremony.

Among those assembledinside a hangar decorated for the occasionwere1,000 schoolchildren and 400 invited guests.

"The RCAF laid on a thousand of them yesterday to say goodbye to the Queen as she flew off to Britain at the end of her nine-day tour," the Globe and Mail reported.

Accompanied by Gov. Gen.GeorgesVanier, the Queen walked on a red carpet lined by servicemen in uniform and photographers as a pipe band played.

Prince Philip had departed before dawn that day, according to the Globe and Mail.

She shook hands and said a few words with Vanierand his wife, as well as the Pearsons, before ascending the stairs to the Air Canada aircraft and giving a final wave to the crowd.

"The 1964 royal tour was over and political Ottawa fell at once to discussing, privately as yet, if there could be possibly be another one before the problems of Confederation have been resolved one way or another," the Globe and Mail reported the following day.

"A reporter remarked: the sound you hear is a national sigh of relief."

The next visit from the Queen happened less thanthree years later for Canada's Centennial in 1967. She would make 22 visits to Canada in total before her death in September 2022.