The wait is over. The battery revolution is here: Don Pittis

On an industrial site in Toronto's Port Lands, not far from Google's planned new urban experiment,are two warehouse-sized boxeson stilts.

Built by the Ontario company Deltro, the structuresare actually enormous lithium-ion batteries that, as of spring 2018, willbe plugged in to the Canadianelectricity grid.

Billed as the first utility-scale Canadian energy storage project, the $30-million enterprise represents an example ofthe critical transition point where battery technology is becoming cheap enough, safe enough and reliable enough to replace older technologies.

Already indispensable

Lithium-ion technology is already indispensablein small portable devices such as phones and tablets, and the economic case for the technology isconstantly improvingfor use inautomobiles and for other energy storage purposes, according to Canadian battery pioneer Jeff Dahn.

"It's getting more energy dense, it's getting cheaper and the cells are becoming longer lifetime,"Dahnsaid.

From his lab at Dalhousie University in Halifax, the award-winning scientist is working to help Tesla improve the quality of its lithium-ion batteries.

Only a few months ago, Tesla completed a grid-scale battery in Australia to store wind generated power until it's needed. The project would have been impossible just a few years ago when Dahn was working on his innovations in lithium-ion technology.

For a long time, commentators skeptical of the move toward electric cars and green power have lamented the failure of the industry to invent new technology that would make battery storage economically useful.

Media reports these days are full of examples of the kind of radical innovations that would double or even triple the amount of electricitybatteriescan save and then dischargecalled energy density thusdoubling or tripling the distance a vehicle could travel. All while keeping the size of the batteries the same.

Toyota, BMW and vacuumcleaner company Dyson are all reportedly working on new "solid state" battery technology to similarlyincrease energy density andspeed up charging times.

Good enough now

But according to battery scientist Dean MacNeil at Canada's National Research Council, batteries are good enough and cheap enough now that industrial users are throughwaiting.

MacNeil, who worked with Dahnback in 2001when hewas doing research for his doctorate, says radicallab-stage technology with new chemistries and new ideas can take a decade to come into popular use.

"They are much harder to introduce into a market, especially a market like electric vehicles where you're very dependent on hitting specific performance requirements and you're very risk averse," he said.

MacNeil, whose Ottawa lab tests existing battery technology, says he expects those radical innovations to hit the market eventually, but so far the great successes have come from gradual innovations inexisting lithium technology, where capacity has increased by three times since the batteries came on the market more than a decade ago.

According to the business news service Bloomberg, prices have fallen 24 per cent in the last year.

Replacing old technology

The Deltroproject is a step beyond experiment. When it completes testing and gets connected to the grid this spring, the giant batteries will be responsiblefor balancingthe grid and keeping the power at the North American frequency standard of 60 hertz, preventing brownouts and surges whendemand fluctuates.

In the pastthatbalancing act has been accomplished by adjusting output at large hydro dams,far from where most power is used. Lower battery costs have now made it possible to move that capability closer to the places where it's needed.

DeltroEnergy chief operating officer AndyGanapathysays the price and the energy density of the newest lithium-ionbatteries helped make the project feasible. Ifthe company hadusedtraditional lead acid batteries instead of lithium, he says, the footprint of the project would have been up to ten times bigger.

"As the developer-owner of energy storage projects, we're very technology agnostic," Ganapathysaid. "Right now, we chose lithium, but in five years time we might choose something else."

With prices falling and technology improving,Ganapathysays Deltro is ready to move on to the next stage of battery storage, sometimes called power shifting. He says Deltrohas begun working with large unnamed industrial companies to store power when it isat its cheapest for use when electricityis most costly.

According to Jack Simpson, director of generation and capacity planning at Toronto Hydro, battery power storage is just now getting cheap enough to make power shifting cost-effective as power authorities create pricing formulasthat make cutting peak demand worthwhile for industrial users.

In Alberta this month, the price of wind-generatedelectricityplunged to 3.7 cents perkilowatt hour. As the price of storage falls further, it will become increasingly economicto scale back on traditional peak generator capacitysuch as coal or gas plants and store that cheap power until it's needed.

That's revolutionary. And the revolution is far from over.

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Energy scientist Jeff Dahnsays with continuing innovations in batteries, the smart grid, renewable energy and electrified transport, he can't help being optimistic. He says he can hardly wait forwhat the future brings.

"I think it's going to be really interesting to see where the world is going to be in 10 or 15 years."

Follow Don on Twitter @don_pittis

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