Vessels allegedly broke whale-protecting speed limit on 542 trips in Gulf of St. Lawrence

Reports of ships in the Gulf of St. Lawrence violating the speed limit imposed last summerto protect North Atlantic right whales totalled 542.

But the vast majority of the cases have been "closed due to insufficient evidence," a department spokeswoman confirmed to CBC News early Tuesday evening.

To date, only 14 vessels have been fined the minimum $6,000 each.

Thirty-four cases are "under review" and 44 cases are "pending review," said Julie Leroux.

"All other cases have been closed," she said.

• Vessels in 89 transits allegedly broke speed limit designed to protect North Atlantic right whales
• Transport Canada lifts speed limit in Gulf of St. Lawrence

At least 17 North Atlantic right whales diedin Canadian and U.S. waters last summer.

Necropsies on seven of the carcasses showedfour died of blunt force trauma from collisionswith ships, while the other three appear to have diedfrom beingentangled in fishing gear.

There are only about 500 of the speciesleft in the world.

On Aug. 11, Transport Canada ordered all vessels of 20 metres or more in length to restrict their speedto 10 knots(about 18.5 kilometres an hour) whiletravelling in the western part of the gulf, fromthe Quebec north shore to just north of Prince Edward Island.

Ships that size would normally travel at around 18 knots.

The mandatory slowdown replacedavoluntary onethe government had requested a month prior.

A report to the minister, obtained by CBCNews earlier this weekthrough Access to Information, showed there were 89 "incidents of non-compliance" within the first three weeks of the speed limit being imposed.

Asked how manyvessels exceeded the limit between Aug. 11 and Jan. 11, when the restriction was lifted,Lerouxsaid Tuesday a total of 542 cases were reported.

• Deep Trouble: the North Atlantic right whale in peril

They involvedcruise ships, cargo ships, an oil tanker and evena coast guard vessel.

The Canadian Coast Guard's MarineCommunications and Traffic Services, orMCTS,tracked ships in real-time during their transit and then advised Transport Canada's Marine Safety and Security of cases of non-compliance, according to the obtained document.

'Compliance verification process'

But a"compliance verification process" follows, saidLeroux.

It requires "a review of the vessel track based on Automated Identification System data collected by the Canadian Coast Guard (i.e., time, latitude/longitude, speed over ground)," she said.

"If enough evidence exists, a marine safety inspector contacts the vessel and may be dispatched to collect additional data, including the log book, and speak to the master regarding the vessel speed to corroborate all information," said Leroux.

"Following this verification, if there are clear grounds [of non-compliance] the [marine safety inspector] may proceed with an enforcement action," an administrative monetary penalty, the document states.

Fines range from $6,000 to $25,000, depending on the speed and number of infractions.

Eleven of the 14 fines issued to date were for speeds of between 10.5knots and 13.3 knots, Lerouxhas said.

She could not provide the speeds related tothe other three fines becausethose cases are still within the 30-day appeal period.

It's unclear what speeds were involved in the 34 cases "under review" and 44 "pending review."

The speed restriction was lifted last week "to ensure ships can maintain manoeuvrability in winter conditions and for the safety of those operating in Canadian waters,"Transport Canada Minister Marc Garneauhas said.

In addition, North Atlantic right whales have not been seen in the gulf since the beginning of December, and are not expected when pack ice is present, a department spokeswoman said.

CBC New Brunswick launched Deep Trouble:a podcast series that brings together the interviews and stories by CBC journalistswho covered a deadly summer for the North Atlantic right whale. Listen to the full discussion andsubscribe to theDeep Troublepodcastfrom theCBC Podcast pageorsubscribe to thepodcastin iTunes.