Who's really to blame for Taylor Swift's Ticketmaster fiasco?

After overwhelming demand for Taylor Swift tickets caused a meltdown at Ticketmaster, many outraged fans demanded investigations and a shakeup ofthe ticketing giant. Buta number of entertainment industry experts and even some Swifties have since been asking: Does the singer deservesome of theblame?

Some fans faced myriaderror messages, while others endured an hours-long wait in Ticketmaster's virtual queue, only to find there were no reasonably priced tickets left afterpresales for Swift's Eras tour began on Nov. 15.Meanwhile, tickets that were originally pricedfrom $49 to $449 US ($65 to $597 Cdn) skyrocketed on the resale market to as much as$28,000US.

"We don't like to think of our favourite musicians as complicit in corporate greed. Instead, it's much easier to find a villain," industry writerEriq Gardner, formerly of The Hollywood Reporter, wrote for the entertainment, finance and technology site Puck.

It's a role Ticketmaster has accepted, admitting its website wasn't ready for the traffic from millions of humans and bots, the latter of which were hoovering up tickets to be resold by scalpers.

Swift has received far less attention or blame.

Three days after the ticket fiasco, she said there were "a multitude of reasons" for it, but specifiedonlyTicketmaster's inability to withstand demand.

"I'm trying to figure out how this situation can be improved moving forward," Swift said in a statement.

Experts see plenty of ways.

"If there is a problem in the marketplace, it really is on the shoulders of some of the artists to do something about it," Gardner told CBC News. "If Taylor Swift stood up and said 'I want a better solution,'Ticketmaster would take notice of that."

Artists' power over tickets

Long before tickets go on sale, entertainers, their promoters and ticketing partners negotiate over how many tickets they need to sell and at what price, before agreeing on pricing tiers, how many tickets to reserve for different groups including verified fans, certain credit-card holdersand guests and whether to allow resales.

"Artists, Ticketmaster, promoters, venues, organizations, they don't work in a vacuum," said Maureen Andersen, president and CEO of the International Ticketing Association, of which Ticketmaster and some of its personnel are members.

"It's a little bit like attacking [on] D-Day and doing the Normandy invasion all of this stuff is worked out together."

Resales are the root problem. If scalpers can be deterred from trying to capitalize on particular shows or tours, a system like Ticketmaster's is much less likely to be overwhelmed by an army of ticket-gobbling bots.

And artists especially those with Swift's level of stardom can demandmeasures to ban or restrict resales.

Pop star Ed Sheeran, for instance, doesn't allow his tickets to be resold above "face value" that is, what they originally cost. In 2017, the singer took the extraordinary step of invalidating 10,000 tickets that had been resold at inflated prices, offering those fans the chance to buy a new ticket at face value.

Others use different measures, including printing the purchaser's name on tickets, which must match the bearer'sidentification.

Miley Cyrus and Adele have required concertgoers to present the credit card used to purchase their tickets; Pearl Jam tickets are non-transferable except on fan-to-fan exchanges; The Black Keys have ordered Ticketmaster to invalidate resold tickets and turn away fans carrying them; and tickets to country star Eric Church's shows aren't sent out until 24 hours before each show in order to verify that the buyers are real fans.

'A criticism-absorber'

"[Swift] is one of the most popular, powerful artists in the world. She could have done anything she wanted to," saidAlan Cross, a music writer and host of the radio series The Ongoing History of New Music.

"She, from what we know, talked to Ticketmaster and said,'Can you handle the demand?' And that was where it ended."

It's unclear whether Swift's sales involved Ticketmaster's controversial "dynamic pricing" system, which raises and lowers prices based on demand at any given moment. Ticketmaster did not respond to CBC News's request for comment.

Cross says since many artists underprice their tickets to avoid appearing greedy or out of fans' reach, thedynamic pricing system ensures they still benefit when fans are willing to pay more, instead of that money going to scalpers.

"That perception of greed is transferred from the artist to Ticketmaster, and they get the blame," he said. "It is designed as a criticism-absorber."

But it can backfire for artists, too, as when fans ofHarry Styles, Bruce Springsteen and Blink-182complainedabout their decisions touse dynamic pricing earlier this year as ticket prices soared beyond fans' reach.

While Ticketmaster is now shoring up its system before resuming sales for Swift's tour, it faces intense scrutiny from lawmakers and regulators, and renewed calls to break it apart from parent company Live Nation Entertainment, with which it merged in 2010.

U.S. Sen.Amy Klobuchar, who chairs a subcommittee on competition and consumer rights, has promised a hearing "to examine the lack of competition in the ticketing industry,"while the Justice Department has opened an antitrust investigation, the New York Times reported.

Industry-watchers hope those investigations will shine more light on how Ticketmaster operates, and give fans better insights into how many tickets are really available, why prices keep shifting, and who is to blame when they have a hard time buying.

In the meantime, they will be watching to see what lessons Swift takes away from the saga and how those might benefit ticket-buying fans in future.

"I think it's incumbent on her and her reps to give answers [to what went wrong] and to advocate for better change, and if there are alternatives in the marketplace, to explore those," Gardner said.

"It's possible that there could be a competitor to Ticketmaster that comes along, and maybe we won't be raising hell about this situation next time."

LISTEN | The trouble with Ticketmaster:

Front Burner29:13Ticketmasters Taylor Swift trouble

Last week, Ticketmaster pre-sales for Taylor Swift's Eras tour quickly devolved into chaos, with site crashes, many people waiting eight hours or more in online queues, and tickets going for upward of $40,000 US on secondary sales sites like Stubhub. This is far from the first incident to prompt widespread outrage against Ticketmaster. Sky-high prices for Blink-182 and Bruce Springsteen concerts have been among the sore spots. But the Swift fiasco is shining a new light on the company's virtual monopoly over wide swathes of the live music industry, prompting many including several U.S. lawmakers to call for the company to be investigated and broken up.Today, Jason Koebler editor-in-chief of Motherboard, VICE's technology site joins Front Burner to break this all down.