B.C. researchers working to develop breath test for COVID-19

Researchers in B.C. are working on developing a breath test for COVID-19 that if successful, could provide results in less than one minute.

The test could theoretically be rolled out in the community at airports, schools, arenas and other venues, said Dr. Renelle Myers, an interventional respirologist at Vancouver General Hospital and B.C. Cancer Research Centre who is leading the team at Vancouver Coastal Health developing the test.

"Our goal is to get society back where it needs to be and bring people together againbut safely and confidently with accurate, quick tests,"said Myers.

The researchers are working to identify the specificvolatile organic compounds in breath that could indicate whether the coronavirus is present, said Myers.

Once they identify them, they'll be able to test for only those compounds by running breath samples through a machinesimilar to the ones used at airports to scan forbomb or drug residueand have results within 30 seconds to a minute, she said.

"When you exhale, your breath actually contains over 1,000 volatile organic compounds, and those represent the end points of different metabolic pathways in our body," explained Myers. "And they can represent a state of health or state of disease."

300 people tested so far

Before the pandemic, the researchers were working on early diagnosis of lung cancer through breath.

In May 2020, they switched gears and are nowfocused on developing a test to identify COVID-19 in "minimally symptomatic"patients, said Myers.

So far, they've tested 300 peopleand intend to collecta few hundred more samples that they hope will help them zero in on the right compounds, she said.

To gather the samples, the researchers visit COVID-19 testing sites and ask patients who are having a nasal swab or gargle test if they'd be willingto take part in theresearch. Most say yes, said Myers.

Participants providetwo separatebreath samples blowing into a syringefor oneand into a sealed bag for the other.

The researchers then run the samples through two typesof machines thatdetect volatile organic compounds: a gas chromatographymass spectrometry(GC-MS)machine and a smaller, more portablegas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) machine.

They compare theresultsagainstnegative and positive COVID-19 test results to see what similarities or differences they can find.

Many steps still to go

The researchers are still a long ways out from rolling thebreath test out atarenas and concert venues.

"It's challenging. Anumber of steps would have to fall into place before it can hit prime time," said Dr.Chris Carlsten, division head of respiratory medicine at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver,where Myers is also a clinicalprofessor.

Carlsten says theresearchers will need to validate their results to ensure they get an accurate reading each time;thatthe tests are picking up coronavirusand not other respiratory viruses, such asinfluenza;and that they have the ability to detecteven the mildest of cases.

In the lab, theteam is usinga powerful, sophisticatedGC-MS machine to detect and identifyspecific compounds, but thosemachines are expensive and for the test to have wide-reaching application, the equipment needs to be portable and affordable, Carlsten said.

Currently, even the smaller, mobile unitsthe researchers are using cost $150,000.

"The machines are super expensive. That is an issue," Carlsten said. "But again, I think, you know, if it works, then there will be competition to get the cost down, as there is with most anything."

WATCH | Dr. Renelle Myers shows how her researchers collect and test breath samples:

Researchers are developing a breath test to detect COVID-19 in under a minute

4 years ago

Duration 0:46

Dr. Renelle Myers shows how breath samples are gathered from patients and run through a mobile machine

High bar for Health Canada approval

Given the need for amore rapid, convenient and mobile way to test for coronavirus, Carlsten said, the researchers have a few things in their favour.

"Ayear or two ago, if you had said this could actually be used in real space in six months, I would say that just doesn't feel very realistic," he said.

"Now, it maybe could because of the way that things have accelerated, and they use a similar technology at the airport already for narcotics etc.that took years to develop. But with the pressure that we have here, it's possible."

David Evans, a professor in the department of medical microbiology and immunologyat the University of Alberta in Edmonton, says the researchers are using sound science to detect the compounds and if they're successful, the technology could be valuablebut that"there is a big hill to climb before it becomes a widely adopted method."

Evans points out that the standards of evidence regulators such as Health Canada require before approvingsuch products are high.

"What the general public and news media don't often understand are how challenging and time consuming it is to generate the data you need to convince regulator to allow these on a population," he said.

Myers said she is not aware ofsimilar research being done in Canada, but internationally, there are several groups, including in the U.K., Singapore and India, that are doing similar work. Her team is collaborating with British researchers to verify results and share findings.

Myersdidn't saywhen she expects her team tovalidate the research, but she said once it does, things could move quickly.

"It's been fast paced," she said. She said it would be "really exciting, if we can be a part of fixing, helping [in] this pandemic... if we can get people back together."