Climate change has broad effects on health-care systems, medical journal says

When you have to shut down a hospital operating room (OR) because there's so much wildfire smoke your instruments can't be kept sterile, you know climate change is affecting health care.

"That actually happened in my OR," said Dr. Alika Lafontaine, president of the Canadian Medical Association.

Lafontaine recalled phoning facilities to find out whether or not their filtration was set to the right level, and trying to tell if the smell of smoke was a predicator of danger.

"These things are out of the norm, so you don't think about them until they happen."

Lafontaine echoed a warning in research released Tuesday from one of the world's top medical journals.

The Lancet concludes that, worldwide, extreme heat is already emphasizing the effects of heart and lung diseases, worsening pregnancy outcomes, disrupting sleep, increasing injury-related death and limiting people's capacity to work and exercise.

Infectious diseases such as malaria have a longer season to spread.

Heat-related deaths increased by 68 per cent between 2017-2021, compared to 2000-2004. Almost two-thirds of countries globally saw more days of very high or extremely high fire danger from 2001-2004 to 2018-2021.

Canada is not immune. Studies suggest the 2021 heat dome in British Columbia that resulted in 619 deaths would have been nearly impossible without the effects of climate change.

WATCH | Anesthesiologist was unsure of surgery safety due to wildfire smoke:

Dr. Alika Lafontaine recalls wildfire smoke disrupting his ORs

2 years ago

Duration 0:31

CMA president highlights why health impacts of climate change need to be mitigated now.

Lafontaine said the health-care system has to change to adapt to the coming challenges. The system needs backup capability. Health professionals need more transferable accreditation, so nurses from Saskatchewan could help out in B.C. Doctors need to be more aware of growing climate-related diseases such as Lyme disease.

"It changes the mix of diseases that are out there," Lafontaine said.

But most of all, he said, health care's response to climate change needs national co-ordination.

"One of the major gaps in the response to the climate crisis, when it comes to health care, is establishing a national secretariat," he said.

Lafontainesuggested a rethink of how Canadianssupport places here and around the world, given those suffering the changes aren't necessarily major cities with investments.

For instance, ice roadsare vital in the North to get health services and supplies.

"Climate change has really impacted the reliability of these locations," Lafontaine said in an interview with CBC News. "That has an enormous impact on health, that has an enormous impact on local economies and sustainability of living, and that will extend to other places in the country as our highways are affected."

Health facilities on flood plains vulnerable

Somebody, he said, should be gathering information on what happens to the system during extreme events like when a wildfire cancels surgeries. Otherwise, every emergency is another one-off.

Ian Culbert of the Canadian Public Health Association agrees. Common licencing standards is a big one, he said.

"That way, nurses from Ontario could be deployed to flood assistance in Nova Scotia."

But that's just the start.

WATCH | Respirologist on how climate change harms health:

Climate change has 'massive' impact on health, expert says

2 years ago

Duration 1:32

From the challenge of growing food in a hotter climate to increasing air pollution, the health impacts of climate change will be felt around the world, says Canadian respirologist Dr. Samir Gupta.

Canada has too many health facilities built on flood plains or susceptible to melting permafrost, he said.

Programs such as wellness checks to ensure vulnerable people are OK should be standard during floods or heat waves. Cooling stations should be part of every city's plan.

Culbert points to municipalities in Ontario that have included public health experts in their planning process advocating for measures such as green canopies and walkable neighbourhoods with nearby services.

"The public health people were at the table, empowered to make decisions," he said. "Too often, health hasn't been a consideration."

The broader fight against climate change also has public health benefits, Culbert said. In Ontario, respiratory health improved after the province phased out its coal-fired generating plants.

Lafontaine said even medical conditions that have nothing to do with climate change are affected by it, as resources are diverted to meet new threats.

"As that acuity starts to entrench itself, you then have to add additional capacity, which takes capacity from other places."

Culbert said the Lancet study shows that Canada has to start thinking much more broadly about how climate change affects health and how the system can respond to it.

"The hospital isn't your first line of defence," he said. "It's your last."